Введение
1 Introduction 8
1.1 Status of Technology 9
1.2 Phenomenological Observations and Delimitation of the Work 12
1.3 New Aspects of the Work 13
1.4 Objectives 13
2 Literature 14
2.1 Pulsed Power Technology 14
2.1.1 General Applications 14
2.1.2 Spark Gap Operation 15
2.1.3 General Static Spark Gap Analysis 17
2.2 High Voltage Switches for Pulsed Power Applications 20
2.2.1 Vacuum and Gas Filled Switches 20
2.2.1.1 Spark Gap 20
2.2.1.2 Cold Cathode Switching Tube 22
2.2.1.3 Krytron 23
2.2.1.4 Sprytron 24
2.2.1.5 Thyratron 25
2.2.1.6 Ignitron 26
2.2.1.7 Vacuum Discharge 26
2.2.2 Solid State Devices 27
2.2.2.1 Thyristor 27
2.2.2.2 GTO-Thyristor 28
2.2.2.3 MOSFET 29
2.2.2.4 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBET) 29
2.2.2.5 Photo-Conductive Switches 31
2.2.2.6 Advantages and Disadvantages of Semiconductor Switches 31
2.3 High Power Generators - Transmission Line Generators 32
2.3.1 Blumlein Generator 32
2.3.2 Self-Matched Transmission Line Generators 33
2.3.3 Pulse Forming Network (PFN) Marx Generators 34
2.4 Spark Gap Applications in Various Technologies 35
2.4.1 Transmitter Technology 35
2.4.2 Radar Technology 37
2.5 Conclusion 40
3 Electrical Model of the Fast Switching Device 41
3.1 Time Dependent Resistance of the Spark Gap 41
3.2 Modelling with Constant Current Source 49
3.3 Modelling with Constant Voltage Source and Charging Resistor 54
3.4 Cascading of several Fast Switching Devices 57
3.5 Discussion of Numerical Simulation Results 61
4 Experimental Investigations 65
4.1 Test Set for Electrical Investigations 65
4.2 Macroscopic Experimental Investigations 71
4.2.1 Objectives 71
4.2.2 Test Matrix 71
4.2.3 Characteristic Macroscopic Electrical Test Results 73
4.2.4 Test Parameter Dependencies 78
4.2.5 Electron Emission Mechanisms 81
4.2.6 Electro-Technical Model of PRR with two Modes Page 84
4.2.7 Physical Interpretation of the two PRR Modes 88
4.2.8 Conclusion 90
4.3 Microscopic Experimental Investigations 92
4.3.1 Objectives 92
4.3.2 Test Set for Optical Investigations 92
4.3.3 Test Matrix 95
4.3.4 Characteristic Microscopic Electrical Test Results 96
4.3.5 Characteristic Microscopic Optical Test Results 105
4.3.6 Test Parameter Dependencies 107
4.3.7 Conclusion 108
4.4 Conclusions of Experimental Test Results 109
5 Comparison between Modelling and Experimental Investigation Results 111
6 Summary 119
7 Outlook 124
7.1 Further Investigations 124
7.2 Theoretical and Practical Applications 125
8 References 128
Annex 133
