Введение
1. Carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials and ultrasonic methods of their investigation 12
1.1. Structural organization of carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials 12
1.2. Methods for characterizing and evaluating CFRC materials 18
1.3. Ultrasonic techniques to measure elastic properties of CFRC materials 19
1.4. Defects and inhomogeneities in CFRC materials and methods of their studies 28
1.5. Methods of ultrasonic characterization andNDT&E for CFRC materials 30
2. Principles and facilities to study microstructure and local properties of cfrc materials with high-frequency focused ultrasonic beams 39
2.1. Convergent ultrasonic beams and their interaction with plane-parallel objects 39
2.2. Principles of ultrasonic imaging with focused ultrasonic beam (acoustic microscopy) 45
2.3. Quantitative methods of acoustic microscopy — their applications in sound velocity measurements 53
2.4. Experimental set-up and specimens 57
3.. Investigation of local elastic properties of cfrc laminates and their structural elements by measuring sound velocities 61
3.1. Interaction of elastic waves with CFRC ordered structural media — sonic velocity measurements in low-frequency and high-frequency range 61
3.2. Measurement of local elastic properties of free single elements 63
3.3. Measurement of local elastic properties by microacoustic technique for diverse kinds of CFRC material s 69
3.4. Measuring local elastic anisotropy of individual structural elements within CFRC laminate 75
4. Studies of bulk microstructure and defect NDE of CFRC materials by using microacoustic imaging technique 87
4.1. Specific features of ultrasound reflection and mechanisms of acoustic contrast in CFRC laminates 87
4.2. 3D Acoustic imaging method for CFRC laminates 94
4.3. Bulk microstructure characterization and structural flaw NDE of unidirectional CFRC laminates by using multiple types of acoustic imaging 98
4.4. Studies of bulk microstructure and small-sized defect NDE in multi-directional CFRC laminate 121
5. Bulk microstructure characterization of woven CFRC materials by using microacoustic imaging technique 143
5.1. Microstructural features of woven CFRC laminates and acoustic principles in their imaging 143
5.2. Studies of bulk microstructure of plain woven CFRC laminates by using multi-scanning acoustic imaging method 145
5.3. Studies of bulk microstructure of unidirectional tape CFRC laminate by using multi-scanning acoustic imaging method 160
Conclusions 169
Publications 171
References 172
